Environmental surveillance of hepatitis e viruses in São Paulo city, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24302/sma.v8i0.2060Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent causative agent of enteric acute hepatitis worldwide. Seroprevalence has been determined in 6% in the adult population and in 3% in the general population, evidencing that hepatitis E is not uncommon in Brazil. However, the overall epidemiology of the virus is still poorly studied in the country and we do not have comprehensive environmental monitoring data. The aim of this study was monitor HEV in urban sewage, secondary effluents and reclaimed water from metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil, during one-year period (April 2015 to March 2016). Samples were collected monthly in four large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), responsible for treating sewage from a population equivalent to 8 million people living in the city. Viral genomes were investigated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HEV genomes were not detected during all monitoring program. Although the results suggest that there is a relatively low rate of virus circulation in the studied environment, analytical challenges related to the limits of the molecular methods used to detect viral genomes in environmental samples are discussed. In any case, this was the first initiative to obtain HEV monitoring data in environmental matrices in the São Paulo city and it is expected that future environmental surveillance studies will be conducted, supporting more effective public policies for environmental control and health prevention related to viral waterborne diseases.
Keywords: Environmental surveillance. Public health. Sanitation. Waterborne diseases.