Aniline

synthesis, application and toxicological and environmental aspects: a review

Abstract

Aniline is controlled from nitrobenzol and belongs to the group of benzoamines (aromatic amines). It is an essential precursor of products used in the agricultural sector, synthetic dyes, antioxidants, polyurethane foams, food and textile sectors. Despite this diversity, aniline and its derivatives may pose risks to human and environmental health. In this sense, the objective was to discuss through a review of the essential aspects inherent to aniline. This study was characterized as a review study, that was used as descriptors: aniline, dye, additive, chemistry, toxicity and application. It was considered as bibliographical sources, articles, books and factsheets. It was observed that the main applications of aniline, the production of diisocyanate-polyurethane, azobenzenes, quinones, anilides and sulfonamides, applied in the automotive, construction, pharmaceutical, food, insecticides and dyes sectors. As for the toxicological aspects, mainly Occupational, the main routes of exposure were inhalation, ingestion and absorption, with rapid systemic absorption. Then, the metabolism of aniline generates compounds that present hemoglobin and red blood cells, resulting in cyanosis of the tissues, generating as symptoms of intoxication: nausea, emesis, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, headaches and headache. Regarding environmental risks, the occurrence of azo compounds and dyes was observed, mainly in the textile sector, with risks to fauna. Therefore, the review is possible to present a review on aniline, encompassing its derivatives, its applications and toxicological/environmental risks. This makes it possible to collaborate with the academic debate on its industrial importance, as well as to present risks to human and environmental health, requiring Occupational exposure controls and proper disposal of effluents to mitigate these risks.

Key words: Benzoamines. Toxicity. Aniline. Application. Environmental.