The crisis of the nation-state and the new paradigm of political action in the modern state

the inclusion-exclusion of refugees and the situation of the Warao indigenous people in Belém do Pará

Abstract

This article aims to demonstrate refugees as a new paradigm in the international order, through exposing the crisis of the nation-state and their difficulties upon arriving in Brazil, especially the Warao indigenous people in Belém do Pará, as they face adversity cultural, social, environmental and political, for the simple fact that state power fails to recognize the rights of refugees and uses an outdated political model. This analysis is carried out by the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, who analyzes refugees as a great potential for modern society, as they can be a new paradigm in political history, since they are individuals with rights, but are on the margins of a system. In the meantime, Hannah Arendt and Giorgio Agamben's conception of refugees will be used, as the Italian philosopher tries to understand them as beings that are outside and inside themselves. Finally, the New Migration Law of the national legislation will be exposed and the situation of the Warao indigenous people in the municipality of Belém do Pará, a community belonging to the Venezuelan country. The central focus is to observe the adversities faced by indigenous refugees and test Giorgio Agamben's philosophical thesis, to prove the crisis of the nation-state and the problems generated by refugees, to finally analyze them as new paradigms of modern political history. The work belongs to the field of theoretical study, through the analysis of concepts present in modern and political philosophy, using the bibliographical research technique.

Keywords: crisis of the nation-state; refugees; paradigm; Warao indigenous people.